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Keighley was first recorded in William the Conqueror's Domesday
Book in 1086:
"Manor in Utelai (Utley or Utta's clearing) William had one
carucate to be taxed
Two Manors in Chichleai (Keighley) Ulchel,
and Thole and Ravensuar, and
William had six carucates to be taxed".
"Manor in Wilsedene (Wilsden) Gamelbar had
three carucates to be taxed
"Manor in Acarde (Oakworth or Oak-tree enclosure) Gamelbar and
William had one carucates to be taxed"
"Manor in Lacoc, (Laycock or small stream) Ravensuar had two
carucates to be taxed".
The "berewick" in Newhuse (Newsholme or new houses)
William had one carucate to be taxed
"Ardulf, one at Riddensden (Rethel's valley)--- probably the
dame Ardulf who, with four carucates at Morton (moorland farmstead),
ranked as the locality's biggest landowners;
whilst Ernegis had one at Marley (a clearing frequented by marines)
and a half at Hainworth (Hagen's enclosure) and the phrase "and
they are waste" which must refer to lands that were not worth
taxing either because they were unproductive or had been destroyed
by the "Conqueror's" army."
William Keighley said, " When William the Conqueror devastated
Yorkshire and Durham by fire and sword, he issued a decree
forbidding any Englishman, on pain of death, to burn a light in his
dwelling after the bell had told the curfew, or cover-fire. Until
1857 we kept up the memory of the tyrannical law, by tolling the
curfew-bell at eight o'clock in the evening."
Over 200 years later, on 17th
October 1305, King Edward I granted the privilege to Henry de
Kighley (Keighley) a market charter to "hold a Market, Fair,
and Free Warren in Keighley".
In 1379 109 people lived in Keighley
A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp.
640-43.
KEIGHLEY (St. Andrew), a market-town and parish, and the head
of a union, in the E. division of the wapentake of Staincliffe and
Ewcross, W. riding of York, 44 miles (W. by S.) from York, and 210
(N. N. W.) from London; containing 13,413 inhabitants. This place,
anciently Kyghelay, was for many generations the property of the
Kyghelay family, who either gave their name to, or derived it from,
the manor; and of whom Gilbertus Kyghelay, of Utley, was buried here
in 1203, according to an inscription on a stone still remaining in
the parish church. In the reign of Edward I. Henry de Kyghelay, a
member of the family, obtained the grant of a weekly market and an
annual fair, with privilege of free warren for the inhabitants.
Towards the close of the sixteenth century, the manor was conveyed,
by marriage with the heiress of the last lord, to William Cavendish,
created Baron Cavendish, of Hardwick, in 1604, and who was ancestor
of the dukes of Devonshire and earls of Burlington. In the reign of
Charles I., the town was garrisoned for the parliament, and (in
1645) was attacked by a party of royalists from Skipton Castle, who
made many of the republicans prisoners; they were rescued, however,
by General Lambert, who, advancing to their relief, compelled the
royalists to retire.
The town is situated in a beautiful valley, near the rivulets Worth
and North Beck, which, uniting their streams, flow into the river
Aire, about a mile below the bridge here, which is a neat structure.
The houses are built chiefly of stone. The streets are paved, and
lighted with gas from works erected under an act of parliament,
obtained in 1824, for the improvement of the town; and the
inhabitants are amply supplied with water from copious springs in
the vicinity, conveyed by works established under an act in 1816. A
mechanics' institution was founded in 1825, and in 1835 an
appropriate building was erected for its use, at an expense of
£1050, of which £200 were raised by subscription, and the
remainder by a proprietary; the building contains a reading-room, a
spacious lecture-room, and a library of 1000 volumes. The worsted
manufacture is carried on extensively; and there are two
establishments for cotton-spinning, one of them erected about 1780,
by Sir Richard Arkwright: a great part of the machinery used in the
factories is made in the town; there are two paper-mills, and
several large corn-mills. The worsted-stuffs are chiefly sent to the
Bradford market. The Leeds and Liverpool canal passes within a mile,
and, in connexion with other lines, opens a direct communication
through Yorkshire and Lancashire with the eastern and western
sea-ports. The Leeds and Bradford Extension railway, which connects
the West riding with the town of Colne, in Lancashire, was opened as
far as Keighley, in March, 1847. The market, which is abundantly
supplied with provisions of all kinds, is on Wednesday, and there is
a market for cattle every alternate Tuesday; fairs for cattle and
merchandise are held on the 8th and 9th of May, and the 7th, 8th,
and 9th of November. A very commodious market-place was erected in
1833, on land owned by the lord of the manor, by a proprietary of
£25 shareholders. Petty-sessions are held on the last Wednesday in
every month, in the court-house, a neat building erected at an
expense of £700, in 1831. The powers of the county debt-court of
Keighley, established in 1847, extend over the registration-district
of Keighley. The town is a polling place for the West riding of the
county.
The parish comprises about 10,160 acres, of which 2000 are peat
moor; the soil in the valleys is rich, and in profitable
cultivation. The surface is diversified with hills, and the low
grounds are watered by numerous rapid streams, descending from the
moors, and winding their course into the river Aire; the rugged
summits of the hills, the acclivities of which are covered with blue
heath, contrast finely with the luxuriant verdure of the vales, and
the view of the town, as seen from the several heights, is
strikingly romantic. The substratum is partly of the coal formation,
alternated with sandstone; and near the town are found large blocks
of granite, deeply imbedded in the soil. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £21. 0. 7½., and in the gift of the
Duke of Devonshire: the tithes have been commuted for £220, and the
glebe comprises 25 acres. The church, an ancient structure
modernised in 1710, was rebuilt in 1807, and again very recently. A
church, dedicated to St. John, was erected in 1841, at Paper-Mill
Bridge, about a mile from the town, on the Halifax road, at an
expense of £2500, towards which a society granted £400, and the
Earl of Burlington gave the site and £100; it is a neat structure
in the Norman style, with a tower, after a design by Mr. Rawstorne,
of Bradford, and contains 750 sittings. The living is in the gift of
the Bishop of Ripon. Two Church districts, named respectively
Eastwood and Oakworth, were formed in 1844, and endowed by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The church for the latter district,
called Christ church, was consecrated in November, 1846, and is in
the style prevailing in the 12th century; the sittings are all free.
Each of the two livings is in the alternate gift of the Crown and
the Bishop. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents,
Primitive Methodists, Swedenborgians, and Wesleyans, and a Roman
Catholic chapel. The free grammar school was founded, and endowed
with a house and garden for the master, and with other houses and
lands now producing £162 per annum, by John Drake. Adjoining is a
preparatory school, the master of which has a salary of £40,
arising from a house and land bequeathed by Jonas Tonson, in 1716.
Isaac Bowcock, of Tong, in 1669, bequeathed property now yielding
£320 yearly, for apprenticing children, and for distribution among
the poor. The union of Keighley contains a population of 36,175, and
comprises 6 parishes or places.
The Keighley family
A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 7 (1912), pp. 279-82
INSKIP-WITH-SOWERBY
Inscip, Dom. Bk.; Inskyp, 1246; Insckyp, 1285; Ineskyp, 1331.
Sorbi, Dom. Bk.; Soureby, 1256.
This township has a total area of 2,979½ acres, of which
Inskip proper has 2,046, Sowerby 868½, and Carr House Green Common.
The north and east portions are flat and lie low, but the south-west
quarter has two rather higher plateaux, 50 ft. above sea level,
divided by a small valley running from west to east. On the more
northerly of these elevations stands the village of Inskip; the
southerly contains Higham. Crossmoor lies on the western border;
Sowerby is in the lower land to the east. There was a population of
450 in 1901.
The principal road goes north-west and west from Woodplumpton,
through the village of Inskip to Elswick and Singleton, with two
branches going north by Sowerby and by Inskip to St. Michael's, and
another south-west through Higham to Wharles and Kirkham.
There is a parish council.
The soil is light and peaty, with subsoil gravel. Wheat and oats are
grown. Rush wicks were formerly made in Sowerby.
Manors
Though INSKIP, assessed as two plough-lands, is named in Domesday
Book among the manors of Earl Tostig in 1066, its subsequent
history is very obscure. In the 13th century it seems to have been
held by the Carleton family, and to have been joined to their
part of Great Eccleston. Walter son of Sir William de Carleton about
1280 granted his son William the homage and service of Sir Richard
le Boteler for his tenement in Inskip and Eccleston. In 1285 Henry
de Kighley and Ellen his wife obtained from Alice widow of
Richard le Boteler the manor of Inskip and two-thirds of the manor
of Great Eccleston. Henry de Kighley was knight of the
shire in 1297, 1298 and 1301. Sir Richard de Kighley in
1330 settled the manor of Inskip and other estates, with succession
to his son Gilbert and his heirs by Clemency his wife.
Gilbert de Kighley appears to have had a son Sir Henry,
whose three sons John, Hugh and Richard were in the remainder to
'Nicholas Manor' in Tyldesley in 1385. Of these Richard
is probably the knight who was slain at Agincourt, 1415. and
was followed by a son Henry, who occurs down to 1446.
Then came another Richard, described as son and heir of Henry in
1467. Sir Henry Kighley died in 1526 holding the
manor of Inskip with messuages and lands in Inskip and Eccleston of
the heir of Richard Eccleston in socage by the rent of a barbed
arrow. His grandson Henry Kighley, aged thirty, was his
heir. The heir, who recorded a pedigree in 1533, left a
son Henry, who was dead in 1554, when his heir was a son also named
Henry. This Henry Kighley proved to be the last of his
name; he died in July 1567, leaving two daughters as heirs—Anne,
aged four years, and Katherine, aged four months. The former
married William
Cavendish,
ancestor of the Dukes of Devonshire, and the latter married Thomas
Worsley of Booths. On partition the manor of Inskip was
allotted to the former, and descended in the main line until
1819, when it was given to a younger branch, and so descended
to the trustees of the Earl of Burlington, who, with the Hon. Charles
Compton Cavendish, in 1843 sold it to the thirteenth Earl
of Derby, whose successor is now lord of Inskip and Great Eccleston.
Manor courts are held.
A manor of Inskip was claimed by the Cliftons of Westby. This
appears to have been the tenement of the Whittingham family
which about 1308 passed to the Shireburnes of Stonyhurst. A
family surnamed Inskip and a few other landowners occur in the
records. Cockersand Abbey and the Knights Hospitallers
had lands in the township.
SOWERBY was in 1066 assessed as one ploughland, and, like Inskip,
formed part of Earl Tostig's fee. Afterwards Great Sowerby was
part of the Wyresdale lordship, and the chief owners appear to
have been the Banastre and Hoghton families. The Earls
of Derby have long been lords of the manor, and courts are
held.
The distinction between Great and Little Sowerby was often ignored,
and the same families appear to have held lands in both hamlets, so
that much confusion results. Among the owners were the
Carleton and Ellel families, the latter adopting Sowerby
as a surname, and later the Botelers of Rawcliffe, Lawrences,
and others. Except perhaps the Sowerby and Charnley families,
none of these was resident.
One or two sequestrations in Sowerby are recorded in the
Commonwealth period, and two Inskip 'Papists' registered
estates in 1717.
Before the Reformation there was a chapel at Inskip, but it
disappears afterwards, being probably claimed by the Kighleys as
private property.
In 1848 St. Peter's was consecrated for the services of the Church
of England. The vicar of St. Michael's is patron.
A Baptist congregation, due to a division in Elswick Chapel, was
formed in 1794 and met in Inskip; the chapel was built in 1817.
In 1680 Thomas Tomlinson of Crossmoor was presented to the Bishop of
Chester for keeping conventicles of Quakers in his house.
Kighley was long the
manor and residence of a knightly family of its own name, one of
whom "Gilbertus Kyghlay, of Utley," was buried here
in 1203, as appears by an inscription on a gravestone, still
remaining in the church. Henry Kighley procured from Edward
1, for this, his manor, the privileges of a market, fair, and free-warrren.
A daughter and co-heiress of the last Henry Keighley carried
the manor, in marriage, to Wm. Cavendish, who was created Baron
Cavendish of Hardwick in 1604, and from whom the Duke of
Devonshire and the Earl of Burlington are descended; the former
being now patron of the rectory, and the latter lord of the manor,
for which he holds a court leet, in November, and a court baron on
every third Thursday, at the Devonshire Arms Inn.
Sir Henry Kighly is said to have commanded the bowman of the
English army against the Scots at the Battle of Flodden Field,
1513 in conjunction with Sir William Stanley and Sir William
Molyneux
Feet of Fines
of the Tudor period [Yorks]: part 2: 1571-96
(1888), pp. 1-13
1571.—TRINITY TERM, 13 ELIZABETH
| Plaintiffs |
Deforciants |
Nature and
Situation of the Property |
| John
Paslewe, gent. |
Francis
Paslewe, esq., and Walter Paslewe his son and heir apparent |
Manor
of Exley and 18 messuages and 2 cottages with lands in Exley
and Keighley |
| John
Houlmes |
Francis
Paslewe, esq., and Isabel his wife, and Walter Paslewe, his
son and heir apparent |
Messuage
with lands in Kigheley |
| Robert
Houmes |
Robert
Risheworth and Elena his wife, and William Dobson and
Elizabeth his wife |
3
messuages and 3 cottages with lands in Ilgeley and Okeworth |
| John
Rawlinge |
Francis
Paslewe and Isabel his wife, and Walter Paslewe, his son and
heir apparent |
2
messuages with lands in Kigheley |
| 1596.—EASTER
TERM, 38 ELIZABETH |
| Edward
Wright, John Roper, and Robert Roper |
Hugh
Laycocke and Elizabeth his wife and Edmond Laycocke and
Margaret his wife |
3
messuages and 3 cottages with lands in Keighley and
Branshaymoore als. Exleymoore. |
|
1596.—MICHAELMAS
TERM, 38 & 39 ELIZABETH
|
| Christopher
Roper, Robert Roper, John Shakelton, and Michael Pollard |
Hugh
Laycocke and Elizabeth his wife and Edmond Laycocke, his son
and heir apparent, and Margaret his wife, and Elizabeth
Swayne |
2
messuages with lands in Laycocke and Kyghley, and a third
part of a messuage with lands in Horton in Bradford Dale |
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